                    &         (7)        &         (8)        &         (9)        &        (10)        &        (11)        &        (12)        &        (13)        &        (14)        &        (15)        &        (16)        \\
                    &        b/se        &        b/se        &        b/se        &        b/se        &        b/se        &        b/se        &        b/se        &        b/se        &        b/se        &        b/se        \\
Immigration Policy (t-1)&       0.895$^{***}$&       0.899$^{***}$&       0.891$^{***}$&       0.894$^{***}$&       0.869$^{***}$&       0.893$^{***}$&       0.902$^{***}$&       0.891$^{***}$&       0.892$^{***}$&       0.877$^{***}$\\
                    &     (0.008)        &     (0.009)        &     (0.014)        &     (0.013)        &     (0.015)        &     (0.017)        &     (0.017)        &     (0.016)        &     (0.016)        &     (0.017)        \\
Ln(Oil Income per Capita) (t-1)&      -0.011$^{**}$ &      -0.015$^{***}$&      -0.015$^{**}$ &      -0.009$^{*}$  &      -0.023$^{***}$&                    &                    &                    &                    &                    \\
                    &     (0.003)        &     (0.004)        &     (0.005)        &     (0.004)        &     (0.005)        &                    &                    &                    &                    &                    \\
Ln(GDP per Capita) (t-1)&       0.002        &       0.033        &      -0.077$^{+}$  &      -0.014        &      -0.100        &      -0.050        &       0.026        &      -0.154$^{+}$  &      -0.145$^{+}$  &      -0.052        \\
                    &     (0.038)        &     (0.083)        &     (0.044)        &     (0.044)        &     (0.081)        &     (0.051)        &     (0.078)        &     (0.080)        &     (0.078)        &     (0.088)        \\
GDP Growth (t-1)    &       0.043        &       0.025        &      -0.187        &      -0.149        &      -0.133        &       0.064        &      -0.015        &      -0.053        &      -0.007        &      -0.218        \\
                    &     (0.127)        &     (0.200)        &     (0.169)        &     (0.155)        &     (0.204)        &     (0.124)        &     (0.180)        &     (0.194)        &     (0.187)        &     (0.215)        \\
Ln(Population) (t-1)&       0.204        &       0.006        &      -0.151        &      -0.098        &      -0.720$^{**}$ &       0.129        &       0.037        &      -0.265        &      -0.169        &      -0.613$^{*}$  \\
                    &     (0.177)        &     (0.226)        &     (0.230)        &     (0.220)        &     (0.272)        &     (0.160)        &     (0.193)        &     (0.222)        &     (0.219)        &     (0.267)        \\
Polity Score (t-1)  &      -0.001        &      -0.004        &      -0.009        &      -0.008        &      -0.039$^{*}$  &      -0.002        &      -0.004        &      -0.013        &      -0.009        &      -0.038$^{*}$  \\
                    &     (0.005)        &     (0.004)        &     (0.008)        &     (0.008)        &     (0.018)        &     (0.004)        &     (0.004)        &     (0.008)        &     (0.008)        &     (0.018)        \\
Tariff Rate (t-1)   &       0.004$^{**}$ &       0.005$^{+}$  &       0.008$^{**}$ &       0.007$^{**}$ &       0.009$^{*}$  &       0.004$^{**}$ &       0.004$^{+}$  &       0.006$^{*}$  &       0.005$^{*}$  &       0.007$^{+}$  \\
                    &     (0.001)        &     (0.003)        &     (0.003)        &     (0.002)        &     (0.004)        &     (0.001)        &     (0.002)        &     (0.003)        &     (0.002)        &     (0.004)        \\
Real Effective Exchange Rate (t-1)&                    &       0.000        &                    &                    &      -0.000        &                    &      -0.000        &                    &                    &      -0.000        \\
                    &                    &     (0.000)        &                    &                    &     (0.000)        &                    &     (0.000)        &                    &                    &     (0.000)        \\
Welfare Taxation (\%GDP) (t-1)&                    &                    &      -0.005$^{+}$  &                    &      -0.005        &                    &                    &      -0.003        &                    &      -0.004        \\
                    &                    &                    &     (0.003)        &                    &     (0.003)        &                    &                    &     (0.003)        &                    &     (0.003)        \\
Personal Income Taxation (\%GDP) (t-1)&                    &                    &      -0.011$^{***}$&                    &      -0.011$^{***}$&                    &                    &      -0.007$^{*}$  &                    &      -0.008$^{*}$  \\
                    &                    &                    &     (0.003)        &                    &     (0.003)        &                    &                    &     (0.003)        &                    &     (0.003)        \\
Right-wing Populist Vote Share (t-1)&                    &                    &                    &      -0.003$^{**}$ &      -0.003$^{*}$  &                    &                    &                    &      -0.002$^{*}$  &      -0.002$^{*}$  \\
                    &                    &                    &                    &     (0.001)        &     (0.001)        &                    &                    &                    &     (0.001)        &     (0.001)        \\
Ln(Oil Income per Capita, R\&M) (t-1)&                    &                    &                    &                    &                    &      -0.009$^{**}$ &      -0.008$^{*}$  &      -0.011$^{**}$ &      -0.008$^{*}$  &      -0.011$^{*}$  \\
                    &                    &                    &                    &                    &                    &     (0.003)        &     (0.003)        &     (0.004)        &     (0.004)        &     (0.004)        \\
Observations        &        1198        &         995        &         921        &         939        &         805        &        1148        &        1012        &         881        &         890        &         821        \\
Countries           &          24        &          23        &          17        &          17        &          17        &          24        &          23        &          17        &          17        &          17        \\
R$^2$               &       0.990        &       0.991        &       0.991        &       0.990        &       0.992        &       0.991        &       0.991        &       0.991        &       0.991        &       0.991        \\
